A) Medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy in BD, and the differences in the atrophic patterns between BD and Alzheimer's disease (AD).The volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala, and morphologic parameters (volume, surface area, cortical thickness and mean curvature) of the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and perirhinal cortex (PRC) were calculated using an automated approach. Volume reduction of the hippocampus, amygdala and ERC, and disturbance of the PRC curvature was found in both AD & BD compared with the controls (p<0.05, uncorrected). There were no significant differences among all the structural measures between the AD & BD. Finally, partial correlation analyses revealed that cognitive decline could be attributed to ERC thinning in AD & volume reduction of PRC in BD.
B) Morphologic changes of MTL cortices and deep gray matter in AD and BD and determined their relationships with the cognitive impairments. There were three main findings: (1) Volume reduction in the amygdala and shape disturbance in the PRC was involved in both AD and BD . (2) There were no significant differences in all of the structural measures between AD and BD, although the atrophy of most structures was more significant in AD than in BD relative to the controls. (3) Cognitive impairments were determined by ERC thickness in AD and PRC volume in BD.
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